This prospective, observational cohort study, aims to determine the independent relationship of the presenting venous lactate level to 28-day in-hospital mortality, in the early stages of suspected clinically significant infection.

The participants of this study were one thousand two hundred and eighty seven adults admitted through the emergency department of a university tertiary-care hospital who had clinically suspected infection and a lactate measurement.

Seventy-three [5.7% (95% CI 4.4–6.9%)] patients died in the hospital within 28 days. Lactate level was strongly associated with 28-day in-hospital mortality in univariate analysis (p < 0.0001). When stratified by blood pressure, lactate remained associated with mortality (p < 0.0001). Normotensive patients with a lactate level ≥ 4.0 mmol/l had a mortality rate of 15.0% (6.0–24%). Patients with either septic shock or lactate ≥ 4.0 mmol/l had a mortality rate of 28.3% (21.3–35.3%), which was significantly higher than those who had neither [mortality of 2.5% (1.6–3.4%), p < 0.0001]. In a model controlling for age, blood pressure, malignancy, platelet count, and blood urea nitrogen level, lactate remained strongly associated with mortality. Patients with a lactate level of 2.5–4.0 mmol/l had adjusted odds of death of 2.2 (1.1–4.2); those with lactate ≥ 4.0 mmol/l had 7.1 (3.6–13.9) times the odds of death. The model had good discrimination (AUC = 0.87) and was well calibrated.

The authors concluded that in patients admitted with clinically suspected infection, the venous lactate level predicts 28-day in-hospital mortality independent of blood pressure, and adds significant prognostic information to that provided by other clinical predictors.

This article was written by Michael D. Howell, Michael Donnino, Peter Clardy, Daniel Talmor & Nathan I. Shapiro, and published in Intensive Care Medicine (2007) 33:1892–1899

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